Cross-cultural Human Rights Review
type: channel
description: An open access, peer-reviewed, and multidisciplinary periodical devoted to cross-cultural human rights studies.
publisher: Cross-cultural Human Rights Review
language: en
publication name: Cross-cultural Human Rights Review
issn: 2666-3678
copyright: Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
items: Curriculum Implementation And The Right To Education During Covid-19 In South Africa
items: Mats Deland, Mark Klamberg, Pål Wrange (eds) International Humanitarian Law and Justice: Historical and Sociological Perspectives (Routledge 2020) 242pp ISBN 9780367498566 (ebook)
items: https://mail.cchrr-journal.org/index.php/up-j-chrr/article/view/63
items: WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN CHILDBIRTH DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A Comparison of WHO Guidelines to Policies, Recommendations, and Practices in the US And Germany
items: Julie Fraser and Brianne McGonigle Leyh, Intersections of Law and Culture at the International Criminal Court (Elgar, 2020) 456 pp. ISBN 9781839107290 (Hardback)
items: Freedom From Fear: Has It Faded Since The UDHR? On the Approaches Of Europe And China
items: What is Next for Human Rights After 70 Years? Human Rights ‘From Below’ in ‘Little Mogadishu’
items: Article 29(1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Reflection on Drafting, Sources and Influences
items: “In Spirit of Brotherhood”: The Principle of Fraternity Between Rights and Duties. A Reflection Since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
items: Christian and Confucian Rapprochement in the UDHR Debate
items: What is Wrong with Media Freedom as a Human Right in Africa Today?
items: 70 Years After: Reflections on the Significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights for Women’s Rights in Africa
items: Universalism and the Universal Declaration: Recovering the Drafters’ Flexible Vision
items: CCHRR Editorial December 2019: ‘A Spark within the Human Rights Discourse’
items: Vincent Willem Vleugel, Culture in the State Reporting Procedure of the UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies (Intersentia, 2020) 378 pp. ISBN 978 183970 006 4 (Paperback)
items: Elections in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Human Rights Perspective with a Specific Focus on Vulnerable Groups
items: Seth D. Kaplan, Human Rights in Thick and Thin Societies: Universality Without Uniformity (Cambridge University Press, 2018) 249 pp. ISBN 978 110847 121 3 (Hardback)
items: Oumar Ba, States of Justice: The Politics of the International Criminal Court (Cambridge University Press, 2020) 190 pp. ISBN 978 110848 877 8 (Hardback)
items: Media Coverage of Women in China During the COVID-19 Crisis: Reflections on China’s Commitment Under CEDAW and The Beijing Platform for Action
items: CCHRR Editorial December 2020: Long Overdue: COVID-19’s Revelation of Systemic Subjugation and the Demand for Structural Approaches to Human Rights Protection
items: Why Responses to Public Health Emergencies Need to Incorporate a Broader Understanding of Culture
items: https://mail.cchrr-journal.org/index.php/up-j-chrr/article/view/42
items: New Digital Media: Freedom of Expression and Safeguarding Journalists in the Context of East Africa
items: Matthew Scott, Climate Change, Disasters and the Refugee Convention (Cambridge University Press, 2020) 184 pp. ISBN 9781108747127 (paperback)
items: Dorothy L Hodgson, Gender, Justice, and the Problem of Culture: from Customary Law to Human Rights in Tanzania (Indiana University Press, 2017) 187 pp. ISBN 978 0 253 02535 7 (paperback)

Curriculum Implementation And The Right To Education During Covid-19 In South Africa
type: item
description: With the emergence of COVID-19 this brought about changes in teaching and learning worldwide. In most parts of the world including South Africa students were sent home in March 2020 and learning was moved to an online virtual learning environment. In the process, the government implemented various stringent measures to flatten the curve of new infections, reduce death and strengthen the ability of the public health system to deal with the pandemic. This column draws from the capabilities approach to examine how such restrictions and policies interact with human rights and advanced or limited the implementation of the curriculum during the onset of COVID-19. The paper suggests ways of balancing curriculum implementation in online and contact contexts and how respect for human rights could be enhanced during pandemics.
subject: Column
  topic: section
subject: Curriculum Implementation
  topic: keywords
subject: Right to Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Capabilities Approach
  topic: keywords
subject: South Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Pedagogy
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Curriculum
  topic: disciplines
subject: Human rights
  topic: disciplines
creator: Bothwell Manyonga
creator: Sindile Ngubane
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-12-21
publication date: 2021-12-21
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.59

Mats Deland, Mark Klamberg, Pål Wrange (eds) International Humanitarian Law and Justice: Historical and Sociological Perspectives (Routledge 2020) 242pp ISBN 9780367498566 (ebook)
type: item
description: This review critiques Deland, Klamberg, and Wrange's book, International Humanitarian Law and Justice: Historical and Sociological Perspectives. The book introduces the importance of historicizing international law, and is divided into themed parts that illustrate how conducting historiographies can aid legal scholars and practitioners in better understanding what the law is. The review will evaluate the effectiveness of weaving the historiography theme throughout the chapters to substantiate the book's thesis.
subject: Book Review
  topic: section
subject: International Humanitarian Law
  topic: keywords
subject: International Criminal Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Criminal Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: International Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Historiography
  topic: keywords
subject: Protection of Cultural Heritage
  topic: keywords
subject: Recognition of Belligerency
  topic: keywords
subject: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
  topic: keywords
subject: Genocide
  topic: keywords
subject: War
  topic: keywords
creator: Donna Cline
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-12-20
publication date: 2021-12-20
starting page: 17
ending page: 24
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.64

https://mail.cchrr-journal.org/index.php/up-j-chrr/article/view/63
type: item
title: Sujith Xavier, Beverley Jacobs, Valarie Waboose, Jeffery G. Hewitt, Amar Bhatia, Decolonizing Law: Indigenous, Third World and Settler Perspectives (1st edition, Routledge 2021) 320 pp. ISBN 9780367751883 (paperback)
subject: Book Review
  topic: section
subject: Decolonizing
  topic: keywords
subject: Indigenous Peoples
  topic: keywords
subject: TWAIL
  topic: keywords
subject: Fourth World Approaches to International Law
  topic: keywords
subject: International Law
  topic: keywords
subject: International law
  topic: disciplines
creator: Raghavi Viswanath
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-12-16
publication date: 2021-12-16
starting page: 8
ending page: 16
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.63

WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN CHILDBIRTH DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A Comparison of WHO Guidelines to Policies, Recommendations, and Practices in the US And Germany
type: item
description: Women's rights to respectful care in childbirth are often violated, especially during health emergencies. This article evaluates to which degree policies and recommendations implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic strengthen or violate women's rights in birth in Germany and the US. Therefore, recommendations and policies on a subnational level in Baden-Wuerttemberg and New York State are compared to the recommendations given by the WHO for a safe and positive childbirth experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article demonstrates that policies approved in New York have the potential to increase the options for birthing women and thus strengthen their rights. In contrast, little evidence was found for subnational policies in Baden-Wuerttemberg that aimed to safeguard women's rights at birth. This article concludes that women's rights in birth must be supported at the federal, state, and institutional level to ensure respectful and safe birth experiences, even in times of pandemics.
subject: Research
  topic: section
subject: Women's rights
  topic: keywords
subject: childbirth
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: public health emergencies
  topic: keywords
subject: respectful maternity health care
  topic: keywords
subject: WHO guidelines
  topic: keywords
creator: Nikolina Klatt
creator: Ines Böhret
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-24
publication date: 2021-08-24
starting page: 1
ending page: 41
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.51

Julie Fraser and Brianne McGonigle Leyh, Intersections of Law and Culture at the International Criminal Court (Elgar, 2020) 456 pp. ISBN 9781839107290 (Hardback)
type: item
subject: Book Review
  topic: section
subject: International Criminal Court
  topic: keywords
subject: Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: International Criminal Law
  topic: keywords
subject: International Organisations
  topic: keywords
subject: International Institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: International criminal law
  topic: disciplines
creator: Molly Thomas
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-08-26
publication date: 2021-08-26
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.56

Freedom From Fear: Has It Faded Since The UDHR? On the Approaches Of Europe And China
type: item
description: The famous “Four Freedoms” were included in the preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) around 70 years ago. Whilst freedom of speech and belief, and freedom from want have been further implemented afterwards, this seems not the case with freedom from fear. In the human rights discourse, freedom from fear has faded since its inclusion in the UDHR. European countries take the approach in reflecting it as primarily public interests in security, which often conflicts with human rights. China adopts, although not completely, a different approach, where it is reflected as both public interests in security and as a human right. However, the approaches within Europe and of China, both encounter challenges. This article argues that despite their different cultures and histories, Europe and China can mutually benefit from each other’s approaches. 摘要 70年前《世界人权宣言》序言中写入了著名的“四项基本自由”。虽言论、信仰自由及免于匮乏的自由后来得到进一步落实，但免于恐惧的自由似乎并非如此。自纳入《世界人权宣言》以来，免于恐惧的自由在人权讨论中逐渐消失。欧洲国家的方法是将免于恐惧的自由权利作为安全领域的主要公共利益，而这往往与人权相冲突。中国采取了一种不完全相同的做法，既体现为安全的公共利益，又体现为人权。然而，欧洲和中国的做法都遇到了种种挑战。本文认为，尽管欧洲和中国有不同的文化和历史，但它们可以从彼此的方法中实现互利共赢。 Resumen Las famosas "Cuatro libertades" se incluyeron en el preámbulo de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos (DUDH) hace unos 70 años. Si bien la libertad de expresión y de creencias, y la libertad de vivir sin penurias se han implementado más adelante, este no parece ser el caso de la libertad de vivir sin miedo. En el discurso de los derechos humanos, la libertad de vivir sin miedo se ha desvanecido desde su inclusión en la DUDH. Los países europeos adoptan el enfoque al reflejarlo principalmente como intereses públicos en la seguridad, que a menudo entra en conflicto con los derechos humanos. China adopta, aunque no completamente, un enfoque diferente, en el que se refleja como un interés público en la seguridad y como un derecho humano. Sin embargo, ambos enfoques dentro de Europa y de China enfrentan desafíos. Este artículo argumenta que a pesar de sus dife…
subject: Research
  topic: section
subject: 70th year anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
  topic: category
subject: Freedom from fear
  topic: keywords
subject: security
  topic: keywords
subject: public interests
  topic: keywords
subject: human rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Europe
  topic: keywords
subject: China
  topic: keywords
creator: Chao Jing
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-12-02
publication date: 2019-12-02
starting page: 130
ending page: 152
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.32

What is Next for Human Rights After 70 Years? Human Rights ‘From Below’ in ‘Little Mogadishu’
type: item
description: This paper focuses on how human rights can be relevant in the local-urban, cross-cultural and interreligious context of ‘Little Mogadishu’ in Kenya. By defining human rights in terms of human dignity-based human rights culture, moral-spiritual values at a grass roots level can complement international legal standards ‘from above’. By doing so, we can address the question of the cross-cultural applicability of these ostensibly "universal” standards. Human dignity-based human rights start ‘from below’ in the estate of Eastleigh, Nairobi (Kenya). In Eastleigh or ‘Little Mogadishu’, on account of the many Somalis residing there, Christian and Muslim paralegals as members of human rights civil society organisations in general, and Faith-based Organisations in particular, shape the human rights culture on the ground. Vernacularisation of human rights in a local-urban context such as that of ‘Little Mogadishu’ is, therefore, what is next for the UDHR after its first 70 years. 摘要 本文着重探讨肯尼亚“小摩加迪沙”地区城市的跨文化及跨宗教背景与人权的相关性问题。用基于尊严的人权文化来界定人权，草根阶层的品德价值便可 “自上而下”地完善国际法规范。借此可解决这些“普遍性”标准的跨文化适用问题。基于尊严的人权文化在内罗毕（肯尼亚）伊斯特利庄园 “自下而上”地开展。在伊斯特利及“小摩加迪沙”地区居住着大量索马里人，而基督教和穆斯林助理律师作为民间人权组织（特别是信仰组织）的成员，塑造了当地的人权文化。因此，在诸如“小摩加迪沙”地方城市背景下的乡土化人权是《世界人权宣言》在70年后的下一步趋势。 Resumen Este artículo se centra en cómo los derechos humanos pueden ser relevantes en el contexto local-urbano, intercultural e interreligioso del "Pequeño Mogadiscio" en Kenia. Definiendo los derechos humanos en términos de una cultura de derechos humanos basada en la dignidad humana, los valores morales y espirituales a nivel de base pueden complementar los estándares legales internacionales "desde arriba". Al hacerlo, podemos abordar la cuestión de la aplicabilidad intercultural de estos estándares aparentemente "universales". Los derechos humanos basados en la dignidad humana comienzan 'desde abajo' en la urbanización de Eastleigh, Nairobi (Kenia). En Eastleigh o ‘Pequeño Mogadiscio’ el diverso panorama de actores dan forma a la cultura de l…
subject: Research
  topic: section
subject: 70th year anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
  topic: category
subject: Human Rights Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Dignity
  topic: keywords
subject: Kenya
  topic: keywords
subject: Eastleigh
  topic: keywords
subject: Interreligious Community
  topic: keywords
creator: Willem J.E. Jansen
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-12-02
publication date: 2019-12-02
starting page: 177
ending page: 200
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.31

Article 29(1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Reflection on Drafting, Sources and Influences
type: item
description: Individual duties to the community were discussed throughout the various drafting stages of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Its final incorporation into the UDHR through Article 29(1), indicates the conceptual consensus of the international community on this issue at that time. We found that representative philosophical theories of the East and the West, and world’s major religious cultures emphasize on individual duties to the community. Legal provisions in trans-regional legal sources follow suit. Article 29(1) the UDHR, though indirectly, continues to exert important normative influences on domestic constitutions and human rights instruments. The recognition of individual duties to the community as protected under Article 29(1) clearly demonstrate the cross-cultural nature of the UDHR. Therefore, an integral understanding of the UDHR requires further exploration of the value of this provision. 摘要 《世界人权宣言》各个起草阶段都讨论了个人对社会的义务问题。最终该内容成功写入《世界人权宣言》第29条第1款，标志当时国际社会对此的理念共识。本文发现，东西方哲学的代表性理论和世界主要宗教文化都强调个人对社会的义务，随之出台了跨地区法律渊源的相关规定。第29条第1款虽未直接规制各国行为，仍继续对各国宪法和人权文书产生重要的规范性影响。个人对社会的义务得到第29条第1款认可，清晰表明了《世界人权宣言》的跨文化属性。因此，整体理解《世界人权宣言》需进一步探讨该条款的价值。 Resumen A lo largo de las diversas etapas de redacción de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos (DUDH) se debatieron los deberes individuales hacia la comunidad. Su incorporación final a la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos a través del Artículo 29 (1), indica el consenso conceptual de la comunidad internacional sobre esta materia en ese tiempo. Descubrimos que las teorías filosóficas representativas de Oriente y Occidente, y las principales culturas religiosas del mundo, enfatizan los deberes individuales hacia la comunidad. Las disposiciones legales en las fuentes trans-regionales hacen lo mismo. El artículo 29 (1) de la DUDH, aunque indirectamente, sigue ejerciendo influencias normativas importantes sobre las constituciones nacionales y los instrumentos de derechos humanos. El reconocimiento de los deber…
subject: Research
  topic: section
subject: 70th year anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
  topic: category
subject: Individual Duties to the Community
  topic: keywords
subject: Drafting History
  topic: keywords
subject: Philosophical Foundations
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Sources
  topic: keywords
subject: Normative Influences
  topic: keywords
creator: Junxiang Mao
creator: Xi Sheng
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-12-02
publication date: 2019-12-02
starting page: 53
ending page: 80
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.30

“In Spirit of Brotherhood”: The Principle of Fraternity Between Rights and Duties. A Reflection Since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
type: item
description: This article points to the importance of rescuing the principle of fraternity in order to add a new perspective to the debate on the universality of human rights. Drawing on the multicultural conception of human rights by Sousa Santos and on other studies about the idea of fraternity, we first analyze how fraternity was present in the discussions of the preparatory works on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and then how it is envisaged in political and religious documents on rights. We argue that the principle of fraternity, on the one side, relates to the sense of duties and responsibilities the individual has towards a community. On the other side, the openness of the principle itself allows the concept to be pushed beyond its application in an identified local community. For this reason, we conclude that the principle of fraternity is well equipped to allow for cross-cultural dialogues to occur in the international arena on the issue of human rights. 摘要 本文指出拯救兄弟关系原则的重要性，以此为人权普遍性的讨论增添新的视角。本文追溯了索萨·桑托斯（Sousa Santos）的多元文化人权观和其他有关兄弟关系思想的研究，先分析兄弟关系在《世界人权宣言》出台过程中是如何提出的，后分析政治、宗教文件如何拟议兄弟关系的相关权利。本文认为，兄弟关系原则一方面与个人对社会的义务和责任感有关，另一方面，原则的开放性促使其理念超出固有社区的应用范畴。为此，本文结论是，在完备的兄弟关系原则指引下，国际社会可就人权问题开展跨文化对话。 Resumen Este artículo señala la importancia de rescatar el principio de fraternidad para agregar una nueva perspectiva al debate sobre la universalidad de los derechos humanos. Basándonos en la concepción multicultural de los derechos humanos de Sousa Santos y en otros estudios sobre la idea de fraternidad, primero analizamos cómo la fraternidad estuvo presente en las discusiones del trabajo previo a la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos; y luego cómo se contempla en los documentos políticos y religiosos sobre derechos. Argumentamos que el principio de fraternidad, por un lado, se relaciona con el sentido de los deberes y responsabilidades que el individuo tiene hacia una comunidad. Por otro lado, el espíritu de apertura del principio en sí mismo permite que el concep…
subject: Research
  topic: section
subject: 70th year anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
  topic: category
subject: Fraternity
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Cross-cultural Dialogue
  topic: keywords
subject: Community
  topic: keywords
subject: Universalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Rights and Duties
  topic: keywords
creator: Israel Moura Barroso
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-12-02
publication date: 2019-12-02
starting page: 81
ending page: 104
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.29

Christian and Confucian Rapprochement in the UDHR Debate
type: item
description: This article considers Christian and Confucian civilizational-philosophical perspectives and their encounter in 1947-48 when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was drafted, debated, and adopted. I focus on the Third Committee’s Christian and Confucian civilizational points of view through protagonists such as the Christian delegates of Brazil and the Netherlands, and the Confucian Chinese delegate Peng-chun Chang. This aspect of the debate invokes issues of ontology, epistemology, and ethics that are reflective of different civilizational views, but also includes similarities regarding the philosophical underpinnings of the UDHR—namely, a moral ontological basis for human rights, an epistemic moral dimension of reason and conscience (or heart-mind), a tight correlation of duties and rights, and a social conception of the person. These similarities create a normative moral bridge between two civilizational perspectives. 摘要 本文探讨1947-1948年《世界人权宣言》起草、辩论及生效过程中有关基督教文明和儒家文明的哲学问题。主要透过巴西、荷兰基督教倡导者及中国儒家倡导者张彭春等人的观点，阐述第三委员会对两种文明的观察。该辩论既引发了不同文明视域对本体论、认识论和伦理问题的思考，又囊括了对《世界人权宣言》的哲学根基相似性的探讨-即人权的道德本体论依据、理性和良知（或心灵）的道德维度、权利和义务相互联系性以及人的社会观念问题。这种相似性为两种文明观念搭建一座道德规范的桥梁。 Resumen Este artículo considera las perspectivas filosóficas y civilizacionales cristianas y confucianas y su encuentro con la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos (DUDH) en 1947-48 cuando se redactó, debatió y adoptó. Me centro en los puntos de vista de la civilización cristiana y confuciana de la Tercera Comisión a través de protagonistas como los delegados cristianos de Brasil y los Países Bajos, y el delegado confuciano chino Peng-chun Chang. Este aspecto del debate invoca cuestiones de ontología, epistemología y ética que reflejan los diferentes puntos de vista de las civilizaciones, pero también incluye similitudes con respecto a los fundamentos filosóficos de la DUDH, a saber, una base ontológica moral para los derechos humanos, una dimensión moral epistémica de la razón y la conciencia (o corazón-m…
subject: Research
  topic: section
subject: 70th year anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
  topic: category
subject: Christian Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Confucian Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: P.C. Chang
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparative Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Rights and Duties
  topic: keywords
subject: Moral Conscience
  topic: keywords
subject: Ren
  topic: keywords
creator: Sumner B. Twiss
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-12-02
publication date: 2019-12-02
starting page: 35
ending page: 52
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.28

What is Wrong with Media Freedom as a Human Right in Africa Today?
type: item
description: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1949, in its article 19, effectively sets press freedom and media freedom as human rights. This raises two challenges. First, is the contest in the Global South on claims of universalism surrounding human rights. Second, is the question of access to the media in unequal countries like Zimbabwe and South Africa and what that means for the role of the media (representation) and media freedom. These challenges are articulated by the question of ‘the human’ as it arises in modernity and feeds into ‘the human’ in human rights, and the subject of media freedom. Located within the anti-colonial, that is an articulation of postcolonial and decolonial theoretical perspectives and using the idea of media freedom in Zimbabwe and South Africa, I argue that both the concepts of human rights and media freedom must be indigenised. 摘要 1949年《世界人权宣言》第19条有效地将新闻和媒体自由确定为人权范畴。这带来两项挑战。首先是发展中国家或地区围绕人权普世主义主张的较量。第二是如津巴布韦和南非等存在不平等现象国家中的媒体准入权限问题对媒体的角色（代表性）和媒体自由的影响。这些挑战产生于现代性中，反映在“人”的问题上，并融入“人”及媒体自由的概念中。本文基于反殖民主义立场，以津巴布韦和南非的媒体自由观点为例，并运用后殖民和去殖民理论视角，提出人权及媒体自由的概念都须本土化。 Resumen La Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos (DUDH) de 1949, en su artículo 19, establece efectivamente la libertad de prensa y la libertad de los medios como derechos humanos. Esto plantea dos desafíos. Primero, es la competencia de los países del Sur sobre reclamos del universalismo en torno a los derechos humanos. En segundo lugar, está la cuestión del acceso a los medios en países desiguales como Zimbabue y Sudáfrica y lo que eso significa para el rol que cumplen los medios (representación) y la libertad de prensa. Estos desafíos se articulan con la cuestión de "lo humano" tal como surge en la modernidad y alimenta a "lo humano" en los derechos humanos, y el tema de la libertad de prensa. Ubicado dentro de lo anticolonial, que es una articulación de perspectivas teóricas poscoloniales y descoloniales y utilizando la idea de la libertad de prensa en Zimbabue y Sudáfrica,…
subject: Research
  topic: section
subject: 70th year anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
  topic: category
subject: Access
  topic: keywords
subject: Decolonial
  topic: keywords
subject: Human rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Media freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: Postcolonial
  topic: keywords
subject: Representation
  topic: keywords
subject: Universalism
  topic: keywords
creator: Khanyile Mlotshwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-12-02
publication date: 2019-12-02
starting page: 153
ending page: 176
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.27

70 Years After: Reflections on the Significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights for Women’s Rights in Africa
type: item
description: The purpose of this article is to explore the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights for women’s rights in Africa. In this regard, the following questions are addressed: (i) to what extent is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights relevant for the interpretation of women’s rights in the African region considering the creation of binding treaties such as the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women, the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights, and its Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa; (ii) and how can the future role of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights be assessed in the light of these developments. It is concluded that the Declaration is of substantial relevance for women’s rights in Africa and will continue to provide a foundation for the development of subsequent human and women’s rights instruments. 摘要 本文旨在探讨《世界人权宣言》对非洲妇女权利的重要意义。由此提出以下问题：（一）在《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》、《非洲人权和民族权宪章》及《非洲人权和民族权宪章非洲妇女权利议定书》等有约束力协议的商定过程中，《世界人权宣言》如何影响对非洲地区妇女权利的解释；（二）如何依据该解释的演进评估《世界人权宣言》的潜在作用。结论是《世界人权宣言》对非洲妇女权利有着重大影响，并将为人权及妇女权利的后续发展奠定坚实基础。 Resumen El propósito de este artículo es explorar la importancia de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos para los derechos de las mujeres en África. A este respecto, se abordan las siguientes preguntas: (i) en qué medida la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos es relevante para la interpretación de los derechos de las mujeres en la región africana considerando la creación de tratados vinculantes como la Convención sobre la Eliminación de todas las formas de Discriminación contra la Mujer, la Carta Africana de Derechos Humanos y de los Pueblos, y su Protocolo sobre los Derechos de la Mujer en África; y (ii) cómo se puede evaluar el rol a futuro de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos a la luz de estos desarrollos. En conclusión, la Declaración es sustancialmente relevante para los derechos de la mujer en África y continuará proporcionando una base para el desarrollo…
subject: Research
  topic: section
subject: 70th year anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
  topic: category
subject: UDHR
  topic: keywords
subject: women’s rights
  topic: keywords
subject: universality debate
  topic: keywords
subject: CEDAW
  topic: keywords
subject: African human rights system
  topic: keywords
subject: African Charter
  topic: keywords
subject: Maputo Protocol
  topic: keywords
creator: Larissa Heüer
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-12-02
publication date: 2019-12-02
starting page: 105
ending page: 129
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.26

Universalism and the Universal Declaration: Recovering the Drafters’ Flexible Vision
type: item
description: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) offers a roadmap for facing current challenges to the human rights movement and for building a consensus around basic, or primary, rights. The UDHR reflected a cross-cultural, cross-political consensus, synthesizing diverse ideas about rights, varying conceptions of personhood and duties, and multiple modes of implementation. It allowed for rights ideals to be understood across societies with significantly different value systems. Such flexibility is critical today if human rights are to retain their legitimacy in an increasingly diverse and multi-polar world—a world in which consensus will be the only way to achieve progress. 摘要 《世界人权宣言》为应对人权运动面临的挑战、达成相关基本（或主要）权利共识提供了路线图。《世界人权宣言》反映了跨文化、跨政体的理念共识，综合了人权的不同观点，丰富了法律人格的概念、义务及其实现手段。该宣言使人权理念在不同价值体系的社会中得到灵活理解。在日益多样化和多极化世界中，这种灵活性对维护人权的合法性意义重大。协商一致是取得人权事业进步的唯一途径。 Resumen La Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos (DUDH) ofrece una hoja de ruta para enfrentar los desafíos actuales del movimiento de derechos humanos y para construir un consenso en torno a los derechos básicos o primarios. La DUDH reflejó un consenso intercultural e interpolítico, sintetizando ideas diversas sobre los derechos, diferentes concepciones de lo que constituye una persona y los deberes, y sus múltiples modos de implementación. Permitió que los ideales del derecho se entendieran en sociedades con sistemas de valores significativamente diferentes. Dicha flexibilidad es crítica hoy si deseamos que los derechos humanos conserven su legitimidad en un mundo cada vez más diverso y multipolar - un mundo en el que el consenso será la única forma de lograr el progreso. Abstrait La Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme (DUDH) propose une feuille de route pour faire face aux défis actuels du mouvement des droits de l'Homme et pour créer un consensus autour des droits fondamentaux, ou primaires. La DUDH reflétait un consensus interculturel et inter-politique, synthétisant diverses idées sur les droits, di…
subject: Research
  topic: section
subject: 70th year anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
  topic: category
subject: Universal Declaration
  topic: keywords
subject: consensus
  topic: keywords
subject: rights
  topic: keywords
subject: treaties
  topic: keywords
subject: Jacques Maritain
  topic: keywords
subject: Eleanor Roosevelt
  topic: keywords
subject: Peng-chun Chang
  topic: keywords
creator: Seth D. Kaplan
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-12-02
publication date: 2019-12-02
starting page: 4
ending page: 34
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.25

CCHRR Editorial December 2019: ‘A Spark within the Human Rights Discourse’
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: 70th year anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
  topic: category
creator: Wim Janse
creator: Vivian Aiyedogbon
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-12-02
publication date: 2019-12-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 3
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.24

Vincent Willem Vleugel, Culture in the State Reporting Procedure of the UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies (Intersentia, 2020) 378 pp. ISBN 978 183970 006 4 (Paperback)
type: item
subject: Book Review
  topic: section
subject: Human Rights Protection in Epidemic Situations
  topic: category
creator: Darsheenee Singh Raumnauth
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-12-15
publication date: 2020-12-15
starting page: 102
ending page: 107
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.49

Elections in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Human Rights Perspective with a Specific Focus on Vulnerable Groups
type: item
description: When holding elections in times of the COVID-19 pandemic, states face the challenge of balancing diverging human rights obligations. States are obliged to protect the life and health of the individuals under their jurisdictions while, at the same time, they are held to respect the right to political participation and related political freedoms. This is particularly evident in case of vulnerable groups, i.e. COVID-19 risk groups who may suffer from severe health implications when contracting COVID-19. Examining how to reconcile the potentially diverging human rights obligations at stake, this article argues that the tension is not insurmountable. Within the international human rights framework, there is leeway for states to adopt situation-specific solutions. Indeed, as relevant state practice shows, states can adopt risk-mitigating measures and rely on alternative voting methods such as postal voting in order to protect the health of vulnerable groups. In the utmost, they may postpone elections. Yet human rights law puts in place conditions and limits to state action.
subject: Research
  topic: section
subject: Human Rights Protection in Epidemic Situations
  topic: category
subject: COVID-19 Pandemic
  topic: keywords
subject: Elections
  topic: keywords
subject: Vulnerable Groups
  topic: keywords
subject: Right to Political Participation
  topic: keywords
subject: Right to Life
  topic: keywords
subject: Right to Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Alternative Voting Methods
  topic: keywords
creator: Christina Binder
creator: Adam Drnovsky
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-12-11
publication date: 2020-12-11
starting page: 62
ending page: 91
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.46

Seth D. Kaplan, Human Rights in Thick and Thin Societies: Universality Without Uniformity (Cambridge University Press, 2018) 249 pp. ISBN 978 110847 121 3 (Hardback)
type: item
subject: Book Review
  topic: section
subject: Human Rights Protection in Epidemic Situations
  topic: category
creator: Molly Thomas
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-12-11
publication date: 2020-12-11
starting page: 92
ending page: 96
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.47

Oumar Ba, States of Justice: The Politics of the International Criminal Court (Cambridge University Press, 2020) 190 pp. ISBN 978 110848 877 8 (Hardback)
type: item
subject: Book Review
  topic: section
subject: Human Rights Protection in Epidemic Situations
  topic: category
creator: Owiso Owiso
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-12-14
publication date: 2020-12-14
starting page: 97
ending page: 101
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.48

Media Coverage of Women in China During the COVID-19 Crisis: Reflections on China’s Commitment Under CEDAW and The Beijing Platform for Action
type: item
description: Under Article 5(a) of the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women, China is obligated to modify gender stereotypes in and through the media. It is also committed to achieve the objectives in the area of Women and the Media according to the Beijing Platform for Action. However, the media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China has exposed an existing lack of gender sensitivity and has sparked heated debate on gender equality. The debate, which largely plays out on social media, indicates a need for further reflections on how to raise gender sensitivity and achieve further gender equality in the Chinese media in line with international human rights treaties and the global agenda for women’s empowerment. This paper takes stock of gender equality in the Chinese media through a case study of media reports during the COVID-19 pandemic; and argues that in order to fulfil its commitments and address the issues exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, China should work to further reduce gender stereotypes in the media through measures including gender-sensitivity training and monitoring.
subject: Research
  topic: section
subject: Human Rights Protection in Epidemic Situations
  topic: category
subject: CEDAW
  topic: keywords
subject: Beijing Platform for Action
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender Sensitivity
  topic: keywords
subject: New Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Women and the Media
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
creator: Wenyang Wu
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-12-11
publication date: 2020-12-11
starting page: 33
ending page: 61
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.45

CCHRR Editorial December 2020: Long Overdue: COVID-19’s Revelation of Systemic Subjugation and the Demand for Structural Approaches to Human Rights Protection
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Human Rights Protection in Epidemic Situations
  topic: category
creator: Stacey Links
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-12-11
publication date: 2020-12-11
starting page: 1
ending page: 4
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.43

Why Responses to Public Health Emergencies Need to Incorporate a Broader Understanding of Culture
type: item
description: Responses to epidemics have shown a lack of cultural and contextual understanding which has led to measures being ineffective and harmful. Given the scope of the current COVID-19 pandemic, lessons learned from previous epidemics need to be integrated into response measures. This paper critically reflects on the lessons learned during the HIV/AIDS and Ebola epidemics and their implementation in response to COVID-19. It argues that there is a need for an increased awareness of cultural complexity when reacting to public health emergencies. Particularly, it stresses the dangers of a one-dimensional understanding of culture. A limited conceptualization that considers culture only in terms of behaviour, can enable stigmatisation and racism and ignores interconnections of culture with inequities in power. It is concluded that awareness of cultural complexity, which comprises flexible visible negative and positive aspects as well as the underlying context, must be integrated for effective and respectful responses to epidemics.
subject: Research
  topic: section
subject: Human Rights Protection in Epidemic Situations
  topic: category
subject: Cultural Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Epidemics
  topic: keywords
subject: HIV/AIDS
  topic: keywords
subject: Ebola
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health Emergency
  topic: keywords
subject: Disaster Response
  topic: keywords
creator: Ines Böhret
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-12-11
publication date: 2020-12-11
starting page: 5
ending page: 32
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.44

https://mail.cchrr-journal.org/index.php/up-j-chrr/article/view/42
type: item
title: Rosemarie Buikema, Antoine Buyse and Antonius C.G.M Robben (eds), Cultures, Citizenship and Human Rights (Routledge, 2020) 258 pp. ISBN 978- 0-367-18561-9 (hbk) ISBN 978-9-429-19858-8 (ebk) (paperback)
subject: Book Review
  topic: section
creator: Alice E Finden
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-09-30
publication date: 2020-09-30
starting page: 81
ending page: 85
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.42

New Digital Media: Freedom of Expression and Safeguarding Journalists in the Context of East Africa
type: item
description: Many East African states have developed restrictive legal and policy measures regarding the use of the internet. This has resulted in the declining state of media freedom and safety of journalists. This article addresses freedom of expression as a pre-condition for safeguarding journalists in selected East African countries of Tanzania and Burundi. It highlights notable cases, where the regional court has emphasized the importance of press freedom as a precursor for democracy. It concludes that the relevant regional legal framework offers adequate protection for the safety of journalists. However, countries have not fully implemented their obligations. In particular, press and cyber laws create a chilling effect on the treatment of journalists. The article contributes to a broader interrogation of how discourses about the safety of journalists are constructed and applied in the context of growing online activity.
subject: Research
  topic: section
subject: East Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Democracy
  topic: keywords
subject: Journalists
  topic: keywords
subject: Freedom of Expression
  topic: keywords
subject: Safeguarding
  topic: keywords
creator: Tonny Raymond Kirabira
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-09-30
publication date: 2020-09-30
starting page: 49
ending page: 71
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.39

Matthew Scott, Climate Change, Disasters and the Refugee Convention (Cambridge University Press, 2020) 184 pp. ISBN 9781108747127 (paperback)
type: item
subject: Book Review
  topic: section
creator: Irene Antonopoulos
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-09-30
publication date: 2020-09-30
starting page: 72
ending page: 74
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.40

Dorothy L Hodgson, Gender, Justice, and the Problem of Culture: from Customary Law to Human Rights in Tanzania (Indiana University Press, 2017) 187 pp. ISBN 978 0 253 02535 7 (paperback)
type: item
subject: Book Review
  topic: section
creator: Michael Raila Odhiambo
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-09-30
publication date: 2020-09-30
starting page: 75
ending page: 80
doi: 10.52854/cchrr.41